Herpes Simplex Virus-I/II (HSV-I/II)

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) is a common pathogen that seriously endangers human health and causes skin diseases and venereal diseases. Human herpes simplex virus exists in two serotypes: HSV-1 and HSV-2. HSV-1 mainly causes infections above the waist, and the most common sites of infection are the oral cavity and lips; HSV-2 mainly causes infections below the waist. HSV-1 can cause not only primary infection, but also latent infection and recurrence. Primary infections most commonly cause keratoconjunctivitis herpeticum, oropharyngeal herpes, cutaneous eczema herpeticum, and encephalitis. The latent sites were superior cervical ganglion and trigeminal ganglion. HSV-2 is mainly transmitted through direct close contact and sexual contact. The site of viral latency is the sacral ganglion, and the latent virus can be activated after stimulation, causing recurrent infection. Virus isolation and PCR testing and antigen testing are difficult to perform in such patients, while antibodies (IgM and IgG antibodies) in serum can be detected

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) is a typical representative of herpes viruses and is named for the developemnt of vesicular dermatitis, or herpes simplex, in the acute phase of infection. It can cause a variety of diseases in humans, such as gingivostomatitis, keratoconjunctivities, encephalitis, and reproductive system infections and neonatal infections.

After infecting the host, latent infection is often established in nerve cells, and asymptomatic shedding occurs after activation, maintaining the transmission chain in the population and circulating around the clock.